Mongolia offers one of the world’s last great frontiers for true self-drive adventures. With its vast open steppes, remote mountain ranges, and endless horizons, driving here is both exhilarating and challenging. From paved city roads around Ulaanbaatar to rugged off-road tracks in the Gobi Desert and the Altai Mountains, preparation and awareness are key. Whether you’re planning to explore the dunes of Khongoryn Els, the crystal lakes of Khuvsgul, or the dramatic peaks of the Altai, these driving tips will help ensure your journey is safe, smooth, and unforgettable.
Road Conditions & Speed Mongolia’s road network includes a mix of paved highways, gravel roads, and off-road tracks with no markings. Outside the capital, expect rough surfaces and long stretches without services. On paved roads, the speed limit is generally 80–100 km/h, while on gravel or dirt tracks, it’s safest to stay below 40–60 km/h depending on conditions. Always drive on the right-hand side and be prepared for sudden changes in terrain, weather, and visibility. After rain, unpaved roads can become muddy and slippery, while in dry weather, dust can reduce visibility significantly.
Gravel Road Mastery Gravel and dirt tracks dominate most of rural Mongolia. Maintain a generous distance from other vehicles to avoid flying stones and poor visibility from dust. Avoid sharp turns or sudden braking on loose surfaces. In sandy or muddy conditions, reduce tire pressure slightly for better traction, but remember to reinflate once back on firm ground. Watch for animals—horses, yaks, and sheep often roam freely and may cross the road without warning, especially near rivers and camps.
Exploring Mongolia’s wilderness requires preparation, common sense, and respect for nature. Mongolia is a safe country with friendly people, but distances are vast and services are sparse. Planning ahead ensures a worry-free adventure.
General Precautions Always share your route and estimated arrival times with someone reliable – ideally your car rental provider —especially if you’re heading into remote areas like the Gobi, Zavkhan, or Bayan-Ölgii. Carry at least 4–5 liters of water per person per day, more in summer or desert regions. Fuel stations can be hundreds of kilometers apart, so refill whenever possible and carry extra fuel if venturing off main routes. Avoid driving with less than 1/3 full fuel tanks as it can cause overheating on car parts during the heat in Gobi.
Keep valuables out of sight, and always lock your vehicle when unattended. Store your passport, cash, and key documents separately and securely. Mobile reception is limited—consider renting a satellite phone or GPS tracker for emergencies in remote regions.
Wildlife Encounters Mongolia’s wildlife is one of its greatest treasures—but also a potential hazard on the road. Wild gazelles, camels, marmots, and even eagles can appear suddenly. In herding regions, livestock frequently cross tracks, often followed by a nomadic herder on horseback or motorbike. Slow down near herds, and always give animals the right of way.
In wilderness camps, store food securely to avoid attracting animals. Respect local herders and ask permission before setting up camp near a ger.
Camping is the best way to experience Mongolia’s vast landscapes—waking up beside turquoise lakes, sleeping under a billion stars, and hearing nothing but the wind and the sound of distant horses. Whether in the Altai Mountains, along Khuvsgul Lake, or deep in the Gobi, camping offers unmatched freedom and connection with nature. But good preparation makes all the difference.
Campsite Options You can choose between organized campsites, nomadic homestays, and wild camping.
Ger camps near major attractions like Terelj, Orkhon Valley, and Khuvsgul Lake offer hot showers, meals, and electricity. Wild camping is permitted in most areas, but always camp responsibly—away from rivers, livestock paths, and private gers. In protected areas such as national parks, use designated sites and follow local guidelines.
Essential Equipment Bring a sturdy tent to withstand strong steppe winds, a warm sleeping bag (even in summer nights can be cold), and a comfortable sleeping mat. Pack cooking equipment, a gas stove, and plenty of water containers—streams and wells can be scarce or unsafe to drink without filtration. Headlamps and solar lights are useful as campsites are dark after sunset. If you rent with MonCar, camping kits and rooftop tents are available for convenience and comfort.
Selecting the right car is crucial for a safe and enjoyable Mongolian self-drive trip. The terrain changes constantly—from smooth asphalt to rocky tracks and river crossings—so your vehicle must match your route and experience.
4×4 Vehicles – The Adventure Standard When You Need Them For most routes outside Ulaanbaatar, a 4×4 vehicle such as a Toyota Land Cruiser or Hilux is essential. These vehicles offer the high clearance, traction, and durability needed for Mongolia’s diverse terrain—especially in the Gobi Desert, Altai Mountains, or northern taiga regions. During the rainy season (June–August), even regular gravel roads can turn into mud tracks, making 4×4 indispensable.
SUVs & Crossovers – The Middle Ground If you plan to travel mainly on paved or well-maintained roads—such as routes to Terelj, Kharkhorin, or Khuvsgul—you may opt for a 2WD SUV or crossover. These vehicles provide good comfort and fuel economy while still handling moderate gravel roads. However, for full independence and access to Mongolia’s remote wonders, a 4×4 remains the best choice.
Respect nature and Mongolia’s nomadic culture while camping. Leave no trace—take all waste with you, use existing fire rings, and avoid disturbing animals or herders’ livestock. Always extinguish campfires completely and be mindful of wind direction in dry grass areas.
Remember: the wilderness is Mongolia’s greatest luxury—protect it for those who follow.
With its nomadic spirit Mongolia allows you to set up nearly anywhere outside a fenced area. Just look out for signs in protected areas and national parks for zones that do not allow camping.
During peak seasons rental cars get booked quickly and all providers tend to be fully booked for most of the summer season – secure reservations in advance when possible.
Carry out all non-biodegradable waste and avoid disturbing natural or cultural sites.
Mongolia’s 1st Car Rental Alliance and Road Side Assistance Organization
© 2025 Copyright by Car Rent Mongolia – All right reserved.
